Database ve File Backup Stratejileri: Veri Güvenliği Rehberi

Backup Neden Önemli?

Veri kaybı, işletmeler için felaket olabilir. Hardware arızası, ransomware, insan hatası - backup'sız recovery imkansız.

3-2-1 Backup Kuralı

• 3: En az 3 kopya veri
• 2: 2 farklı medya türü
• 1: 1 kopya offsite (uzak lokasyon)

Laravel Backup Package

# Installation
composer require spatie/laravel-backup

# Config publish
php artisan vendor:publish --provider="Spatie\Backup\BackupServiceProvider"

// config/backup.php
'backup' => [
    'name' => env('APP_NAME'),
    'source' => [
        'files' => [
            'include' => [base_path()],
            'exclude' => [
                base_path('vendor'),
                base_path('node_modules'),
            ],
        ],
        'databases' => ['mysql'],
    ],
    'destination' => [
        'disks' => ['s3'],
    ],
]

Scheduled Backups

// app/Console/Kernel.php
protected function schedule(Schedule $schedule)
{
    $schedule->command('backup:run')->daily()->at('02:00');
    $schedule->command('backup:clean')->daily()->at('03:00');
    $schedule->command('backup:monitor')->daily()->at('04:00');
}

S3 Konfigürasyonu

# .env
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxx
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx
AWS_DEFAULT_REGION=eu-central-1
AWS_BUCKET=my-backups

// config/filesystems.php
's3' => [
    'driver' => 's3',
    'key' => env('AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID'),
    'secret' => env('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY'),
    'region' => env('AWS_DEFAULT_REGION'),
    'bucket' => env('AWS_BUCKET'),
]

Manual Database Backup

# MySQL dump
mysqldump -u user -p database > backup.sql

# Restore
mysql -u user -p database < backup.sql

# Compressed
mysqldump -u user -p database | gzip > backup.sql.gz

# PostgreSQL
pg_dump -U user database > backup.sql
psql -U user database < backup.sql

Retention Policy

// config/backup.php
'cleanup' => [
    'strategy' => \Spatie\Backup\Tasks\Cleanup\Strategies\DefaultStrategy::class,
    'default_strategy' => [
        'keep_all_backups_for_days' => 7,
        'keep_daily_backups_for_days' => 16,
        'keep_weekly_backups_for_weeks' => 8,
        'keep_monthly_backups_for_months' => 4,
        'keep_yearly_backups_for_years' => 2,
    ],
]

Monitoring ve Alerting

// Slack notification
'notifications' => [
    'notifications' => [
        \Spatie\Backup\Notifications\Notifications\BackupHasFailedNotification::class => ['slack'],
        \Spatie\Backup\Notifications\Notifications\BackupWasSuccessfulNotification::class => ['slack'],
    ],
    'slack' => [
        'webhook_url' => env('BACKUP_SLACK_WEBHOOK_URL'),
    ],
]

Restore Prosedürü

# S3'ten indir
aws s3 cp s3://bucket/backup.zip .

# Extract
unzip backup.zip

# Database restore
mysql -u user -p database < db-dumps/mysql-database.sql

# Files restore
rsync -av storage/ /var/www/app/storage/

Test Your Backups!

Backup'ın değeri restore edilebildiğinde ortaya çıkar. Düzenli restore testleri yapın.

Sonuç

Automated backup, disaster recovery'nin temelidir. Laravel Backup package ve S3 kombinasyonu güvenilir çözüm sunar.